Fluctuating hormones in women of all ages can impact dental health.
Understanding Hormones and Dental Health
Hormonal fluctuations throughout a woman’s lifetime can affect many aspects of her health, including dental health. Changes in the estrogen and progesterone hormones particularly can increase susceptibility to gum disease and other conditions.
Puberty
The surge of hormones that takes place during puberty can cause increased blood flow to the gums, making them more sensitive to plaque buildup. Symptoms include gums that are red, swollen, and prone to bleeding.
Menstruation
Progesterone is at its highest in the days leading up to a woman’s period and can temporarily cause irritated gums, swollen salivary glands, and canker sores. Oral contraceptives that contain progesterone may also affect the gums, though newer medication options containing lower levels have reduced this risk.
Pregnancy
Rising hormone levels can put pregnant women at risk of gingivitis, a mild form of gum disease that causes red and sore gums. Known as “pregnancy gingivitis,” this condition is most common between the second and eighth month of pregnancy.
Menopause and Post-Menopause
Women who are menopausal or post-menopausal are susceptible to certain dental conditions due to decreased levels of estrogen. These include tooth sensitivity, dry mouth due to decreased saliva flow, and burning mouth syndrome. This drop in estrogen can also cause osteoporosis, affecting bone density in the jaw that can cause receding gums and tooth decay.
Prevention and Outlook
No matter what stage of life you’re in, it is important to build oral hygiene habits, including brushing your teeth twice a day, flossing every day, and visiting the dentist twice a year. If you are experiencing any concerns, consult your dentist for further advice.
An Expert Weighs In:
“Hormones play a key role in women’s oral health, affecting everything from gum sensitivity in puberty to dry mouth and bone loss after menopause. Recognizing these changes helps women take proactive steps in prevention and care. Strong daily habits and regular dental visits ensure a healthier smile through every stage of life.”
Mandy Shearer, DDS
Dentist, Soddy Daisy Smiles
Meet the Author
Rachel Studebaker, BA, English, Summa Cum Laude
Rachel Studebaker is a graduate of Lee University where she earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in English with a minor in advertising. While attending Lee, Rachel served as editor-in-chief and creative director for the school’s biannual publication Vindagua and was a member of Sigma Tau Delta English Honors Society. Since joining CMC Publications as editor, Rachel has assumed the role of managing editor, where she is responsible for the annual development and completion of seventeen publications involving health, wellness, and lifestyles articles that are published in print and online for HealthScope, CityScope, and Choose Chattanooga magazines – premier publications serving S.E. Tennessee and North Georgia.
