Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause

This condition affects the majority of postmenopausal women, but treatment options can offer relief.

Understanding Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause

In the years leading up to menopause, known as perimenopause, estrogen levels begin to decrease and continue this decline into postmenopausal years. This drop in estrogen can cause the lining of the vagina to become thin, dry, and prone to irritation, a condition known as Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM).

The first and most common sign of GSM is vaginal dryness, which can be accompanied by burning, itching, and pain during sex. Urinary tract symptoms may also occur, which include frequent urination, urgency, incontinence, and recurring urinary tract infections (UTIs).

While GSM can affect women of any age with low estrogen levels, it most commonly affects postmenopausal women. Approximately 65% of women experience symptoms of GSM one year after menopause, a percentage that increases to 84% after six years. GSM is a progressive condition, meaning symptoms will worsen with time if left untreated.

Woman with concerned face thinking of menopause

Treatment Options

Thankfully, treatment options can provide relief. Low-dose vaginal estrogen therapy is considered the most effective treatment option available, as it can restore the thickness and elasticity of vaginal tissue, increase natural lubrication, and prevent UTIs. Vaginal estrogen is available as a cream, tablet, ring, or vaginal insert, and has been proven to be a safe method with minimal to no impact on the rest of the body.
 

Nonhormonal options are also available. Lubricants are a short-term solution for dryness while moisturizers can be regularly applied for longer lasting relief.

Outlook

With an appropriate treatment plan, women suffering from symptoms of GSM can find relief. If you are noticing signs of GSM, consult with your medical provider to discuss your symptoms and determine which treatment option is right for you.

An Expert Weighs In:

“Women often feel embarrassed to bring up GSM symptoms to their provider. Women over 45 should be asked about these symptoms at every visit. By doing this, we normalize the symptoms and are able to educate them on what they can anticipate through their menopause transition. I find that women are often surprised to learn that GSM is a problem even outside of sexual activity – so it is critical to also screen patients who are not sexually active.”

Picture of Lauren Barleow, WHNP-BC, NCMP

Lauren Barleow, WHNP-BC, NCMP

Owner, Lotus Center for Women

Meet the Author

Rachel Studebaker
Rachel Studebaker, BA, English, Summa Cum Laude

Rachel Studebaker is a graduate of Lee University where she earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in English with a minor in advertising. While attending Lee, Rachel served as editor-in-chief and creative director for the school’s biannual publication Vindagua and was a member of Sigma Tau Delta English Honors Society. Since joining CMC Publications as editor, Rachel has assumed the role of managing editor, where she is responsible for the annual development and completion of seventeen publications involving health, wellness, and lifestyles articles that are published in print and online for HealthScope, CityScope, and Choose Chattanooga magazines – premier publications serving S.E. Tennessee and North Georgia.

Get the FREE Digital Issue Before the Magazine Hits the Stands.