Understanding Eczema: Types, Triggers, and Tips for Clearer Skin

Eczema is an umbrella term for a group of skin conditions that result in dry, itchy, flaky, and red rashes. Some of the most common variants of eczema include atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, and dyshidrotic dermatitis. 

Atopic dermatitis is the most common form of eczema. It typically begins in childhood, but it can also present later in life. Most young children will outgrow atopic dermatitis by school age; however, some will deal with this condition throughout their life. It is often associated with allergies and asthma, and it can range from mild to severe. 

Allergic contact dermatitis is eczema triggered by an allergen. In the U.S., common contact allergens include nickel, cobalt, fragrances, parabens, formaldehyde, neomycin, bacitracin, and methylisothiazolinone. However, this is a limited list, and there are hundreds of possible culprits. A dermatologist or an allergist can perform specialized testing to help find the trigger in many cases. 

 

woman with eczema inspecting it

Dyshidrotic dermatitis occurs on the hands as small, itchy blisters and papules. The sides of the fingers and palms are the most common locations, but feet may be involved as well. This condition tends to flare with the changing of seasons, excessive sweating, and irritants. 

woman rubbing creme on eczema

While treatment does differ based on the root cause and the subtype of eczema, common principles focus on moisturization and restoring the skin barrier. A thick, bland emollient, such as vaseline, is the best moisturizer for dry skin. If the greasy feel is bothersome, the next best moisturizer is a thick cream product without added fragrance, such as CeraVe Cream. Short, daily baths and showers, no longer than 10 minutes, in luke-warm water help prevent excessive loss of oils and lipids from the skin surface. A sensitive skin bar soap is preferred over a body wash. 

For moderate to severe eczema, a consultation with a dermatologist is recommended. Eczema can be debilitating and reduce a patient’s quality of life. Fortunately, there are now many great options to treat eczema. By practicing gentle skin care and discussing a tailored plan with a dermatologist, clear skin and an improved quality of life are attainable. 

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