GLP-1 medications can impact oral health in several ways.
Understanding GLP-1 Medications
GLP-1 agonists are a type of medication prescribed for type 2 diabetes and have risen in popularity as a weight loss treatment. While the most common side effects of GLP-1s relate to the digestive system, these can affect the entire body, including patients’ oral health.
Impacts on Oral Health
Common side effects of GLP-1 medications – particularly loss of appetite and gastrointestinal issues such as vomiting and acid reflux – have been linked to oral health concerns. These include:
- Dry mouth. Dehydration caused by appetite suppression and vomiting can reduce salivary flow and lead to dry mouth.
- Plaque buildup. Saliva washes away food particles and neutralizes bacteria. Without it, plaque can accumulate, putting teeth at risk of cavities and decay.
- Gum inflammation. Buildup can also cause inflamed gums and an increased risk of gingivitis.
- Enamel erosion. Stomach acids brought up from vomiting and reflux can wear down the enamel on the teeth.
- Tooth sensitivity. Worn down enamel can increase tooth sensitivity and cause discomfort when eating certain foods.
- Nutritional deficiencies. Appetite suppression can cause nutritional deficiencies, which may contribute to burning mouth syndrome, sore tongue, cracking at the corners of the mouth, delayed healing, and increased susceptibility to oral infections.
- Bruxism. Some patients taking a GLP-1 medication have reported clenching their jaw or grinding their teeth at night, known as bruxism.
Prevention and Outlook
Routine dental care and healthy practices can help prevent and improve these issues. When beginning a GLP-1 medication, it’s important to inform your dentist and maintain good oral hygiene, including brushing twice a day and flossing daily. Staying hydrated throughout the day can help prevent dry mouth, and if needed, sugar-free chewing gum and over-the-counter products such as sprays, lozenges, and rinses can help promote saliva production. To ensure proper nutrition, make sure not to skip meals and eat a healthy, balanced diet. If dental problems persist, consult your dentist.
An Expert Weighs In
Meet the Author
Rachel Studebaker, BA, English, Summa Cum Laude
Rachel Studebaker is a graduate of Lee University, where she earned a Bachelor of Arts in English with a minor in advertising with the distinction of summa cum laude and served as editor-in-chief of the university’s biannual magazine, The Vindagua. After graduation, Rachel joined CMC Media & Marketing Group as an editor. Today, she serves as managing editor and is responsible for leading the editorial team in the development and completion of content for 17 publications involving health & wellness, business, sports, and lifestyle published in print and online for HealthScope® and CityScope® magazines as well as Choose Chattanooga® and Choose Huntsville™ – premier publications serving Southeast Tennessee, North Georgia, and North Alabama. In addition to writing, editing, and coordinating copy, Rachel oversees networking and reputation management for the company’s publications. In her free time, she enjoys reading, hiking, attending concerts, trying new restaurants, and traveling with her husband.
