GLP-1 medications can impact oral health in several ways.
Understanding GLP-1 Medications
GLP-1 agonists are a type of medication prescribed for type 2 diabetes and have risen in popularity as a weight loss treatment. While the most common side effects of GLP-1s relate to the digestive system, these can affect the entire body, including patients’ oral health.
Impacts on Oral Health
Common side effects of GLP-1 medications – particularly loss of appetite and gastrointestinal issues such as vomiting and acid reflux – have been linked to oral health concerns. These include:
- Dry mouth. Dehydration caused by appetite suppression and vomiting can reduce salivary flow and lead to dry mouth.
- Plaque buildup. Saliva washes away food particles and neutralizes bacteria. Without it, plaque can accumulate, putting teeth at risk of cavities and decay.
- Gum inflammation. Buildup can also cause inflamed gums and an increased risk of gingivitis.
- Enamel erosion. Stomach acids brought up from vomiting and reflux can wear down the enamel on the teeth.
- Tooth sensitivity. Worn down enamel can increase tooth sensitivity and cause discomfort when eating certain foods.
- Nutritional deficiencies. Appetite suppression can cause nutritional deficiencies, which may contribute to burning mouth syndrome, sore tongue, cracking at the corners of the mouth, delayed healing, and increased susceptibility to oral infections.
- Bruxism. Some patients taking a GLP-1 medication have reported clenching their jaw or grinding their teeth at night, known as bruxism.
Prevention and Outlook
Routine dental care and healthy practices can help prevent and improve these issues. When beginning a GLP-1 medication, it’s important to inform your dentist and maintain good oral hygiene, including brushing twice a day and flossing daily. Staying hydrated throughout the day can help prevent dry mouth, and if needed, sugar-free chewing gum and over-the-counter products such as sprays, lozenges, and rinses can help promote saliva production. To ensure proper nutrition, make sure not to skip meals and eat a healthy, balanced diet. If dental problems persist, consult your dentist.
An Expert Weighs In
Meet the Author
Rachel Studebaker, BA, English, Summa Cum Laude
Rachel Studebaker is a graduate of Lee University where she earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in English with a minor in advertising. While attending Lee, Rachel served as editor-in-chief and creative director for the school’s biannual publication Vindagua and was a member of Sigma Tau Delta English Honors Society. As managing editor for CMC Media & Marketing Group, she is responsible for the development and completion of 16 publications involving health, wellness, business, sports, and lifestyle articles published in print and online for HealthScope®, CityScope®, and Choose Chattanooga® magazines – premier publications serving S.E. Tennessee and North Georgia. Additionally, Rachel has led digital marketing initiatives for CMC Media & Marketing Group as well as the development of content for the introduction of Choose Huntsville™, Huntsville Resource & Relocation Guide™ for Huntsville, Alabama.
