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Periodontal Disease and Aging Adults

More than 70% of adults age 65 and older have periodontal disease, but with proper care and treatment, it can be prevented.

What is Periodontal Disease?

Periodontal (“peri” meaning around and “dontal” meaning teeth) disease is an infection of the areas that surround your teeth. More commonly known as gum disease, periodontal disease occurs when bacteria infect the gums, periodontal ligaments, cementum (thin layer of bony material that connects the teeth to the jaw), and alveolar bone (bone that contains the tooth sockets).

The condition includes three stages that range in severity – most common and least severe is gingivitis, followed by periodontitis and advanced periodontitis. The disease is usually painless, which means many people won’t know they have it until it’s more advanced. Symptoms to look for include swollen, red, tender, or bleeding gums, bad breath, gum recession, and, in advanced cases, loose teeth.

Why Are Older Adults More Susceptible?

As we age, we become more prone to oral health issues, like periodontal disease, for a number of reasons. Receding gums, for instance, are a common side effect of aging and can be caused by anything from overly aggressive brushing and flossing to genetics. Dry mouth, also called xerostomia, is another cause of periodontal disease that’s common in aging adults and is often a result of medication usage. Lastly, older adults can be vulnerable to periodontal disease as a result of limited dexterity or mobility, which can create obstacles for maintaining good oral hygiene. This makes taking regular trips to the dentist especially important.

How is Periodontal Disease Treated?

Depending on the type and severity of the disease, there are many different treatment options. One non-surgical option is called scaling and root planing. With this treatment plan, your dentist or periodontist will remove plaque and tartar from your teeth and root surfaces and smooth away roughness so the gums can reattach themselves to the teeth. In more severe cases, surgical options like pocket reduction or gum grafts might be necessary.

How to Prevent Periodontal Disease

While periodontal disease might sound scary, it can be easily avoided. The best way to prevent periodontal disease is to embrace a positive oral hygiene routine. Brushing and flossing twice a day is the first line of defense against dental plaque. Additionally, visiting your dentist every six months will cut down your risk of disease. He or she can eliminate plaque in areas your toothbrush cannot reach.

mature woman with healthy teeth and gums

An Expert Weighs In

“Gum disease progresses as people age. The longer bacteria are present on your teeth and gums, the more damage they can cause. Prevention is key. Always brush and floss twice a day and see your dentist for a professional cleaning every six months. If you have already been diagnosed with gum disease, catching it early and following through with the recommended treatment is important. The earlier the disease is treated and managed, the better the long-term outcomes are in keeping your teeth.”

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